To identify risk factors for drug use among young males in southwest China a cross-sectional survey and a non-concurrent cohort study were conducted. Demographic, behavioral and drug-use information was collected from young males aged 18-29 years. The non-concurrent cohort included the period 1 January 1991 to 1 August 1994. A total of 1548 subjects were interviewed. The cumulative incidence increased between 1991 and 1993. Multivariate analysis identified the following significant risk factors for drug use: being divorced/widowed/separated, having been encouraged by friends/others to try drugs, smoking cigarettes, belonging to the Jingpo ethnic group, and having a family member who used drugs in 1991. More than 6 years of education was a protective factor for drug use. Drug use in the community was associated with having been encouraged by friends or others to try drugs (71%), to smoking cigarettes (50%), and to belonging to the Jingpo group (24%). The results are consistent with community based prevention approaches which should be studied carefully because of the unique cultural and epidemiological situation in China.


Wu Z; Detels R; Zhang J; Duan S; Cheng H; Li Z; Dong L; Huang S; Jia M; Bi X
Risk factors for intravenous drug use and sharing equipment among young male drug users in Longchuan County, south-west China. AIDS, 10:1017-24, 1996 Aug

OBJECTIVES: To identify the risk factors for intravenous drug use and sharing of equipment in Longchuan County in south-west China. METHODS: Demographic information and sexual and drug-use-related behavior between 1 January 1991 and 1 August 1994 were collected retrospectively from a cohort of young male drug users aged 18-29 years in 82 villages. RESULTS: A total of 433 drug users were identified. The cumulative incidence of intravenous drug use was 40.0% during the 3.7-year study period. The annual incidence increased from 10% in 1991 to over 30% in 1994. Risk factors for intravenous drug use among drug users, according to the multivariate model, included having had premarital/extramarital sex [odds ratio (OR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-2.3], having a family member who used drugs in 1991 (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9), and currently not married (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.98-2.7). Being Buddhist protected against intravenous drug use (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). The population attributable fraction was 30% for not being currently married, 17% for having had premarital/extramarital sex and 14% for having a family member who used drugs. The risk factor for sharing of equipment was being of Jingpo ethnicity (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.5-13.8). The average incidence of sharing equipment was 19.6% per year. The population attributable fraction for sharing equipment was 58.5% for being Jingpo. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of intravenous drug use and sharing equipment is increasing. Therefore, it is urgent that vigorous, effective intervention programs be initiated in southern Yunnan. Unmarried, sexually promiscuous Jingpo drug users with a family history of drug use should be especially targeted. Given the problems of transport and communication in this remote area of China, intervention programs which use existing social, governmental and community networks should be implemented.

Wu Z; Zhang J; Detels R; Li VC; Cheng H; Duan S; Li Z; Dong L; Huang S; Jia M; Bi X
Characteristics of risk-taking behaviors, HIV and AIDS knowledge, and risk perception among young males in southwest China. AIDS Educ Prev, 9:147-60, 1997 Apr

A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to describe risk-taking behaviors and to assess the knowledge and risk perception of HIV and AIDS among young males aged 18 to 29 years in 82 villages in Longchuan, Yunnan, China, in 1994. Information on demographic, behavioral, and drug-using factors, and knowledge of HIV transmission and prevention, and risk perception was collected using an interviewer-administered anonymous questionnaire. A total of 1,548 individuals were interviewed and 433 drug users, including 52 nonsharing injectors and 140 sharing injectors, were identified. Over half the individuals scored 0 on HIV knowledge, but knowledge was greater among nonsharing drug injectors. Most drug injectors had initiated drug injection after 1990. The reported incidence continues to increase in all three major ethnic groups. Sharing of equipment was common (73%) among injectors. Drug users were four times more likely to have had premarital or extramarital sex, but condoms were used by only 2.5%. Thus, factors promoting spreading of HIV are common in this area. We recommend that a community-based intervention program, targeting both young men and women, be implemented and evaluated in Longchuan as soon as possible.

Wu Z; Zhang J; Dong L
Relationship between risk-taking behavior and knowledge for HIV infection among young men in Longchuan, Yunnan of China. Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih, 32:171-3, 1998 May

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between characteristics of risk-taking behavior and knowledge level of HIV infection/AIDS and risk perception of HIV infection among young men in an AIDS epidemic area. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among young men aged 18-29 years in 82 villages in Longchuan, Yunnan, China in 1994. Their demographic and behavioral information and knowledge level of AIDS were collected by interviewer administered anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 1,548 subjects were interviewed and 433 were drug abusers, including 192 intravenous users with 73% of them sharing syringes with others. Drug abusers were four times more likely to have pre-/extra-marital sex than non-users. More than half of the interviewees scored zero in HIV/AIDS knowledge. CONCLUSION: Factors predisposing spread of HIV infection were common in the local young men. It is recommended that intervention be implemented as soon as possible to prevent HIV infection and AIDS.

WORKSHOP PAPERS

Intervention of HIV/AIDS in China (Dec 8-11, 1997, Beijing, China)

Part I. Overview Epidemics and Interventions

Part II. Research Relating to AIDS Interventions

Part III. Working Experiences: AIDS Interventions

UNPUBLISHED REPORTS AND PAPERS:

(to be added at a later date)